Congxiang Lu, Yu Fan, Hong Li, Yi Yang, Beng Kang Tay, Edwin Teo, Qing Zhang, Core–shell CNT–Ni–Si nanowires as a high performance anode material for lithium ion batteries, Carbon, Volume 63, November 2013, Pages 54-60, ISSN 0008-6223, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.06.038.
Abstract:
Core-shell carbon nanotube (CNT)-Si heterogeneous nanowires have been identified as one of the most promising candidates for future anode materials in lithium ion batteries. However, stress in these nanostructures, is the long-existing bottleneck, rendering severe fading of the capacities and even failure of the batteries. We prove that the interfaces between CNT cores and Si shells play a critical role in the stress engineering. With rationally engineered interfaces, our core-shell nanowires with CNT-Ni-Si structure are able to offer excellent capacity retention and rate performance. The improvement is attributed to the rough Ni interfacial layer which leads to much more effective strain relaxation, greatly enhanced adherence with the Si shell, and also significantly accelerated charge transport. This core-shell CNT-Ni-Si nanostructure provides a simple but effective pathway towards realization of long lifetime and high performance lithium ion batteries.